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Cora Crane, born Cora Ethel Eaton Howarth (July 12, 1865 – September 5, 1910) was an American businesswoman, nightclub and bordello owner, writer and journalist. She is best known as the common-law wife of writer Stephen Crane from 1896 to his death in 1900, and took his name although they never married. She was still legally married to her second husband, Captain Donald William Stewart, a British military officer who had served in India and then as British Resident of the Gold Coast, where he was a key figure in the War of the Golden Stool (1900) between the British and the Ashanti Empire in present-day Ghana. Crane accompanied Stephen Crane to Greece during the Greco-Turkish War (1897), becoming the first recognized woman war correspondent. After his death, she returned to Jacksonville, Florida, in 1901, where she developed several properties as bordellos, including the luxurious Palmetto Lodge at Pablo Beach; she had financial interests in bars and related venues. In this same period, she regularly contributed articles to such national magazines as ''Smart Set'' and ''Harper's Weekly''. ==Early life== Cora Ethel Eaton Howarth was born July 12, 1865 in Boston, Massachusetts to John Howarth, a portrait painter, and Elizabeth Holder. According to the 1870 United States Census, the family was living in San Francisco when she was five years old. She was educated to lead a life of refinement, socialized with the well-educated of Boston, and gained recognition for her talent in short story writing.〔Benfey, Christopher. 1992. ''The Double Life of Stephen Crane'', New York: Knopf, p. 187〕 She moved to New York City, where she had a series of adventures and misadventures. To gain freedom from the restriction that unmarried women required chaperones to go out in society, Cora married her first husband, Thomas Vinton Murphy. He was the son of Thomas Murphy, the former Collector of the Port of New York and a New York state politician. The younger Murphy and Cora went into business, running munitions and a gambling house.〔Lillian Gilkes, ''Cora Crane: A Biography of Mrs. Stephen Crane,'' Indiana University Press; 1st edition (1960)〕 Two years later she married Captain Donald William Stewart, the son of Sir Donald Martin Stewart, 1st Baronet, Commander in Chief of India for Queen Victoria. She moved with him to England, where she cut a social swath after the fashion of fellow American Jennie Jerome, who had married Lord Randolph Churchill in 1874. But, when Captain Stewart was assigned to India, Cora elected to stay in England as what they called an "Empire widow." After living briefly at the country family estate, Cora had moved to London and entered its society. She soon became involved in a highly publicized affair with the heir of the Chase Bank fortune.〔Lillian Gilkes, ''Cora Crane: A Biography of Mrs. Stephen Crane,'' Indiana University Press; 1st edition (1960)〕 She later resettled in Jacksonville, Florida, where she became involved with the writer Stephen Crane. Stewart hated Cora for not remaining faithful to him in his absence. He felt she had made a fool of him, when in terms of his society, he had married below his station with her. During the later years of their marriage (she left him before 1895), he was assigned to the Gold Coast as the became the British Resident, where he was deeply involved in the colonial War of the Golden Stool (1900) against the Ashanti people. Cora traveled with her lover on his yacht to the United States; following an argument while they were anchored off Jacksonville, Florida, she swam ashore in her shift. She started from scratch in the city. Calling herself "Cora Taylor," she bought the Hotel de Dreme from its proprietor, Ethel Dreme, and remodeled it as a popular "nightclub" called the Hotel de Dream. Technically the elegant establishment was not a brothel because, although a man could meet a woman there for a sexual assignation, they had to go elsewhere to conduct "business".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cora Crane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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